Theu.s. The Great Depression - 1548 Words

Between World War 1 and World War 2, there was constant debate in the United States between the internationalists and the isolationists; the internationalists were strongly in favor of participating in world affairs, while the isolationists turned inwards, advocating to focus only on domestic matters. During the 1930s however, there was a historical event in the country that made the public and eventually the majority of the government to support the idea of the isolationists: the Great Depression. As this tragic event persisted throughout the decade, it persuaded many variety of citizens of United States to believe that Isolationism was the answer to fix this crisis. The favoring of isolationism in different parts of the country and people influenced the U.S foreign policies in such a way that the United States Government became an isolationist. They believed that with the various economic hardships in the country, their focus should be on domestic issues, instead of dealing with fo reign affairs. The Great Depression caused diverse types of citizens, groups, and even government officials to voice their opinion for isolationism. Consequently, this hugely supported idea prompted the government to hear their beliefs, and eventually lead the nation’s foreign policies towards isolationism. In addition to the global Great Depression, the 1930s was period of growing worldwide tension. There were numerous international conflicts arising, but despite the importance of the events,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of World War II On The United States1633 Words   |  7 PagesSeptember 2, 1945. It damaged families and alliances, eradicated loved ones, and drastically changed the U.S. economy. Because of these economic changes, the United States has suffered many hardships, but they have also experienced great opportunities of wealth and great success. Some of the hardships and successes include: war bonds, the manufacturing of wartime and military weaponry and it boostin g the economy, the need of oil to produce products to aid in the war effort, the state moving towardsRead MoreNotes On Mutual Fund Industry1494 Words   |  6 Pagesin United Kingdom andthe U.S., resembled today’s shut – over mutual funds. the primary fund within the U.S.,Massachusetts investor’s trust, was established in March 1924. This was the open – over mutualfund. The exchange crash in 1929, the good Depression, and therefore the happening of the SecondWorld War slackened the pace of growth of the fund trade. Innovations inproducts and services exaggerated the recognition of mutual funds within the Fifties and Sixties. Thefirst international stock fundRead MoreUse Of Wind Power On The Environment1543 Words   |  7 PagesEven though time travel is not possible, when it is, this idea should seriously be considered. Renewable resources are always readily available, including hydropower, wind power, solar power, geothermal power and biomass. The use of fossil fuels in theU.S is too much and needs to be reduced (Stanford 2016). There are many renewable energy sources that we could switch to. Hydropower and Wind power are some of the easiest and renewable resources ever. However Wind power is one of the most cost-renewableRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Should NOT be Deported Essay example916 Words   |  4 Pagesstates? Illegal immigration has alway s been a problem in the U.S dating all the way back to 1875. In 1882 president Chester A. Aurthor was the first president to bann all chinese workers. Soon after, the criminals and the mentally ill were refused from theU.S. Immigration wasnt always a problem before this. In 1892 the first portal oft immigration opened up in Ellis Island, New York. This was the premier station for immigration. Here new arrivals had to show identity and were asked a series of questionsRead MoreGeneral Motors Case Study7702 Words   |  31 Pagesone hundred percent of GM’s production was in support of the Allied war effort. GM delivered more than $12 billion worth of materials including airplanes, trucks and tanks. Revolution: 1960-1979 The 60s and 70s were a time of new challenges and great change. Environmental concerns, increased as prices and foreign competition led to an unprecedented downsizing of vehicles across all GM vehicle lines. It was the largest reengineering program ever undertaken in the industry,and it was then when they

The Pitfall of Academic Writing Help Online

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Social Research Analysis of the Data

Question: Discuss about theSocial Research for Analysis of the Data. Answer: Introduction: The effects provides the triple P combination of the intervention which helps in the considering the groups and the stress control which helps in the controlling the trial design. For the purpose of this experimental analysis conducted helps in the consideration of the parents with a 3-8 year old program with the consequent and the pre-intervention design (Abela McGirr, 2007). Thereby the intervention of the measures with the creation of the measures and thereby the parenting program with the consideration of the waitlist condition and thereby the primary condition regarding the parenting experiences. The consideration of the secondary outcomes helps in the creation of the child behavior and thereby the problems are also indicated with the creation of the problem regarding the obtained information and henceforth the information helps in indicating the parenting practices and thereby the demographic information can be easily collected with the help of the consideration of the informa tion(Allen, Newby, Smith, Andrews, 2015). The aim of this information helps in collecting the intervention for the creation of the parents. This process also helps in the creation of the randomized process with thereby creating the value of the mid-intervention and thereby the mental health problems can be indicated in the research with the variation of the problems. The triple P parenting program is used in this research which helps in the consideration of the systematic review of the examined analysis provided in the study. With the consideration of broad range of parenting program, the significant effects with all the possible outcomes are calculated with the help of the positive results and thereby the controlling of the moderators are seemed to be effective for the measurement of the levels of the program (Li, Chan, Mak, Lam, 2013). The positive results are found in the each level with the consideration of the empirical support and thereby the promotion of the wellbeing of the family with the child and the parents are promoted. Most of the programs are considered and focused regarding the age group and the evidence based with regarding the problems and thereby the theoretical perspectives also can be indicated by the interventions created. In order to improve the concentration of the emotions, well being and the levels of skills are also in tervened. The behavioral problems are also calculated by the continuum with the increment of the strengths and the behavioral problems (Liu, Fan, Liu, 2013). Rather than this the analysis provides the overview of the stress decrement at each stage of the life cycle and thereby it also indicates the intensity with the variation of the practitioners strategy and thereby the positive parenting process is also identified with continuing the process of the interventions. Summary of Result The main aim of the assignment is to development fundamental skills in the process of data analysis. The Post Group Dass and Pre Group Dass shows the stress and anxiety level of parents with their children at local primary. The psycho educational course will help to instruct behavioral and cognitive strategies and demonstrate the useful in reducing anxiety and stress (Williams Baber, 2007). The Pre Group dass shows the participants stress and anxiety level. In first survey there was female whose age was 28 and her depression level was 32, anxiety level was 22 and stress level of 27 having one children. In second survey there was a female participant whose age was 33 having 2 children. The depression and anxiety level was 16 and 34 and stress level was 38 (Tellegen Sanders, 2013). In third survey, there was a female participant whose depression and anxiety level was 12 and 11 and stress level was 20 having 1 child. The fourth participant was a male having 40 depression level, 39 anx iety level and stress level 42 and having 1 children. The fifth and sixth participants were male and female having depression level was 4 and 3 and anxiety level was 19 and 24. The stress level was 10 and 17. The sixteenth and seventeenth participants were female having depression level of 18 and 8 and anxiety level was 27 and 9. The stress level was 26 and 12 and having 1 child and 2 children (Williams Hutchings, 2015). The nineteenth and twentieth participants were female and male having depression level of 18 and 20 and depression level 16 and 29. The stress level was 18 and 25 and having 2 children and 1 child. It has been concluded that the depression and anxiety level of female is much more than male with the increase in their age (Sanders, Kirby, Tellegen, Day, 2014). The normal and mild depression level was 5 and 4. The moderate, severe and extremely depression level was 6,0,5. Normal and mild anxiety level was 4 and 2. The moderate, severe and extremely severe anxiety lev el was 3,2,9. The normal and mild stress level was 6 and 4. Moderate, severe and extremely severe stress level was 3,3,4. The ratio shows that the moderate depression level is there in many of the participants. The ratio shows that anxiety level is high in much of the participants. The ratio shows that the stress level is normal in much of the participants (Sanders, Kirby, Tellegen, Day, 2014). It has been examined that the level of stress, anxiety and depression is much more in females than in males. The Post Group Dass shows the depression, anxiety and stress level of the participants. The first participant was female of age 28 having depression level of 27,anxiety level of 13 and stress level of 16 and having 1 child. The second participant was female of age 33 having depression level of 14,anxiety level of 23 and stress level of 26 having 2 children. The third participant of age 45 having depression level of 10, anxiety level of 10 and stress level was 17 and having 1 child (Snchez-Medina, Macas-Gmez-Stern, Martnez-Lozano, 2014). The fourth and fifth were male participants have depression level of 35 and 2, anxiety level 25 and 3 and stress level 28 and 7 and both having one child. The sixth and seventh participants were female and male have depression level 17, anxiety level 15 and stress level 12. They have 2 children and three children. The seventieth and eighteenth participants were female and male have depression level of 8 and 2, anxiety level of 9 and 6 and stress leve l of 10 and 12. They have 2 children and 3 children. The nineteenth and twentieth participants were female and male have depression level of 18 and 14, anxiety level of 10 and 18 and stress level 11 and 13. They have 2 children and 1 child. The normal and mild depression level is 5 and 4. The moderate, severe and extremely severe depression level is 6,1,4. The normal and mild anxiety level is 4,3 and 5 (Ritchie, Kenardy, Smeets, Sterling, 2015). The moderate, severe and extremely severe anxiety level is 5,4 and 2. The normal and mild stress level is 11 and 5. The moderate, severe and extremely severe stress level is 1,3 and 0. The analysis shows that the depression level, anxiety level and stress in female is much more than in male with their increase in their age. Discussion As per the analysis made on the DASS Sub Scale Scores made in the analysis, maximum depression, anxiety and the stress levels are created in the Female participants rather than the mal participants (Wong, Poon, Kwok, 2011). This analysis is proved effective in the way with the creation of the segregation for aiming to segregate the sections of male and the female for the appropriate consideration of the appropriate conduct of the research. Henceforth the research carried out by the researcher helps in the appropriate approximation of the Scores with the appropriate identification of the DASS values (Lyrakos, 2012). Thereby the consideration of the research is also indicated in the discussion and thereby the clarifications of all the problems are also mitigated with the consideration of the results of the research made by the researcher. With the consideration of the age groups of the females, the stress, anxiety and the depression levels are also seemed to increase with providing th e direct proportional ration to the considered age groups. Thereby the male groups that are considered in the research provide the negative result for the case considered in the research (Mackinnon, 2009). Thereby the consideration of both male and the female candidates are taken for the consideration of the appropriate approach in the provided case study. It thereby also helps in the indication of the provided views with the consideration of the results regarding the case of the analysis undertaken. With the consideration of the post-group frequency distribution, according to the severity of the pathology, the normal, mild, moderate, severity and the extreme severity are segregated for the enhancement of report (Palmer, Henderson, Sanders, Keown, White, 2013). The consideration is made on the basis of the research conducted. This way of conducting the research helps in providing the fruitful information and thereby the levels are also judged. It also helps in the consideration of the depression, anxiety and the stress levels with forming the appropriate judgment for the case (Nowak Heinrichs, 2008). It also helps in the consideration of the levels with providing the severity of the pathology and henceforth the responses that are received are semed to be excellent with the consideration. Conclusion The consideration of the results that are received by the participants during the conductance of the quantitative research helps in the creation of the fruitful approach for carrying out the research and thereby it also helps in providing the views to the research on the basis of the information collected by the researcher. The consideration of the results helps the researcher to provide the fruitful mode with providing the approach in case of the less stress and also it provides the suggestions for the case of the depression, anxiety and the stress level increment (Palmer, Henderson, Sanders, Keown, White, 2015). The cognitive and the breathing strategies are implemented in order to mitigate the problems of stress, anxiety and the depression levels of the persons. The practical relaxation also helps in the creation of stress reduction strategies and it also helps in the creation of the honest during the conduct of the research. References Abela, J. McGirr, A. (2007). Operationalizing cognitive vulnerability and stress from the perspective of the hopelessness theory: A multi-wave longitudinal study of children of affectively ill parents.British Journal Of Clinical Psychology,46(4), 377-395. https://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466507x192023 Allen, A., Newby, J., Smith, J., Andrews, G. (2015). Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder versus waitlist control: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Trials,16(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-1059-5 Li, H., Chan, S., Mak, Y., Lam, T. (2013). Effectiveness of a parental training programme in enhancing the parentchild relationship and reducing harsh parenting practices and parental stress in preparing children for their transition to primary school: a randomised controlled trial.BMC Public Health,13(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1079 Liu, W., Fan, F., Liu, J. (2013). Depressive Symptoms in Bereaved Parents in the 2008 Wenchuan, China Earthquake: A Cohort Study.Journal Of Traumatic Stress,26(2), 274-279. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.21795 Lyrakos, D. (2012). The Impact of Stress, Social Support, Self-Efficacy and Coping on University Students, a Multicultural European Study.Psychology,03(02), 143-149. https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2012.32022 Mackinnon, C. (2009). Applying feminist, multicultural, and social justice theory to diverse women who function as caregivers in end-of-life and palliative home care.Palliative And Supportive Care,7(04), 501. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951509990514 Nowak, C. Heinrichs, N. (2008). A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Triple P-Positive Parenting Program Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling: Effectiveness and Moderating Variables.Clinical Child And Family Psychology Review,11(3), 114-144. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-008-0033-0 Palmer, M., Henderson, M., Sanders, M., Keown, L., White, J. (2015). Erratum to: Study protocol: evaluation of a parenting and stress management programme: a randomised controlled trial of Triple P Discussion Groups and Stress Control.BMC Public Health,15(1), 256. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1507-x Palmer, M., Henderson, M., Sanders, M., Keown, L., White, J. (2013). Study protocol: evaluation of a parenting and stress management programme: a randomised controlled trial of Triple P Discussion Groups and Stress Control.BMC Public Health,13(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-888 Park, M., Cha, Y., Kim, H. (2014). A study on communication and conflicts between children and their parents of multi-cultural families living in rural areas.Multicultural Education Studies,7(4), 101-122. https://dx.doi.org/10.14328/mes.2014.12.31.101 Ritchie, C., Kenardy, J., Smeets, R., Sterling, M. (2015). StressModEx Physiotherapist-led Stress Inoculation Training integrated with exercise for acute whiplash injury: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Journal Of Physiotherapy,61(3), 157. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2015.04.003 Snchez-Medina, J., Macas-Gmez-Stern, B., Martnez-Lozano, V. (2014). The value positions of school staff and parents in immigrant families and their implications for children's transitions between home and school in multicultural schools in Andalusia.Learning, Culture And Social Interaction,3(3), 217-223. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2014.02.013 Sanders, M., Kirby, J., Tellegen, C., Day, J. (2014). Erratum to The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a multi-level system of parenting support [CPR (2014) 337357].Clinical Psychology Review,34(8), 658. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.09.001 Sanders, M., Kirby, J., Tellegen, C., Day, J. (2014). The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a multi-level system of parenting support.Clinical Psychology Review,34(4), 337-357. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.003 Tellegen, C. Sanders, M. (2013). Stepping Stones Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for children with disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Research In Developmental Disabilities,34(5), 1556-1571. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.022 Williams, E. Baber, C. (2007). Building Trust Through Culturally Reciprocal Home-School-Community Collaboration from the Perspective of African-American Parents.Multicultural Perspectives,9(2), 3-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15210960701386228 Williams, M. Hutchings, J. (2015). A pilot effectiveness study of the Enhancing Parenting Skills (EPaS) 2014 programme for parents of children with behaviour problems: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Trials,16(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0741-y Wong, D., Poon, A., Kwok, Y. (2011). The maintenance effect of cognitive-behavioural treatment groups for the Chinese parents of children with intellectual disabilities in Melbourne, Australia: a 6-month follow-up study.Journal Of Intellectual Disability Research,55(11), 1043-1053. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01431.x

Trace of Arsenic Essays - Natural Environment, Food And Drink, Water

Trace of Arsenic Rice is a dietary staple, especially those of certain cultures. A variety of baby foods and formulas contain arsenic, which can be harm young children because of their underdeveloped brains and bodies. High-end organic formulas and baby foods contain high levels of arsenic. Developed humans are also affected. Levels of arsenic in rice have been linked to the genetic damage in humans and can increase the risk of cancer. Arsenic mixes into organic or inorganic compounds by seeping into water supplies, traveling through the wind, or spreading through industrial use. Evidence of Harm There have been multiple health outbreaks in areas including Bangladesh and Antofagasta. These outbreaks have been led to arsenic contaminated wells which people use for drinking water. Those exposed to the drinking water in Antofagasta had higher rates of bladder and lung cancer. Arsenic caused many deaths among Antofagastans age 30 and older. Arsenic is one of the most toxic substances and has caused health effects. The Rice Connection Andrew Meharg was studying the environmental effects of arsenic in Bangladesh when a student noted that rice was being irrigated with vast quantities of arsenic-contaminated water. Rice is a dietary staple. It is used for rice flour, malt, bran, pasta, noodles, breakfast cereals, cereal bars, crackers, rice cakes and more. Rice plants took up inorganic arsenic from water and soil with dismaying efficiency: at 10 times the rate of other grains. Health Food Surprise In 2008, Meharg reported that arsenic in baby rice cereal sold in the U.K. exceeded safety levels set for drinking water by both the U.S. and the European Union. The Dartmouth researchers realized that all kinds of baby formulas and foods contained rice; many were thickened with rice starch. Although the teams initial tests found barely a trace of arsenic in baby formula and pureed baby food, later tests showed that two organic toddler formulas contained up to 60 ppb of arsenic (adjusted for dilution) six times the EPA safety limit for water. Labels on the formula canisters told why: They were sweetened with organic brown rice syrup, considered a healthy alternative to corn syrup. And while brown rice syrup is rare in baby foods, it is common in crackers, cereals, snack bars, energy bars and many products marketed as health foods. The Risks of Imported Food Almost 15 percent of foods consumed in the U.S. come from outside the country. penetration from overseas is so vast and complex that a single product might contain ingredients from multiple countries, a fact you would never discern from labeling on the food itself. Its risky. Every food factory in the U.S. is supposed to undergo rigorous inspection. Once imported foods reach our shores, they enter the distribution chain with little fanfare and scrutiny; some argue they are barely vetted at all. Instead, by and large, problems come to light when Americans get sick. Part of the problem is the lack of resources we ourselves direct to food from abroad: The FDA has a minuscule team of some 1,500 inspectors devoted to food imports, a workforce too small to screen more than a tiny fraction of the food that arrives at U.S. ports each year for microbial pathogens or other disease-causing contaminants Underwater Robots Patrol the Red Tide of Harmful Algal Blooms Concentrations of algae in our oceans and lakes have long bloomed naturally, but climate change and fertilizer runoff from farms have exacerbated the situation in recent years. The outcome: algal blooms so massive that ecosystems turn into dead zones, resource-poor realms inhospitable to other life. The most dangerous of the blooms, called harmful algal blooms, or HABs, are often reddish in color, leading observers to call them red tides. The dangers are as ominous as the name. Some of the algae, or phytoplankton, manufacture saxitoxin, a poison so devastating it is the underlying cause of paralytic shellfish poisoning, an often-lethal reaction to shellfish that are storing toxic algal cells. This January, two people in Malaysia died after eating cockles tainted with the stuff. Other phytoplankton produce domoic acid, a neurotoxin that kills people, birds and marine mammals snacking on contaminated fish and shellfish. . The fight against red tides may be taking place one algal and shellfish species at a time. Elsewhere in

Macbeth Literary Analysis Essays - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth Literary Analysis Essays - Characters In Macbeth Macbeth Literary Analysis Krystal Abbott Pat Patterson English IV Friday, December 03, 1999 Macbeth In Shakespeares lifetime he wrote many plays. Many of them were critically acclaimed and others cast aside. The crowd always wanted to be more thoroughly entertained and Shakespeare always tried to keep up with the peoples needs. In 1605, Shakespeare was being hounded for another work of genius. Hamlet and King Lear had just been completed and the people of England begged for more. He knew not of what to write and like many playwrights did some research. He found two stories from Hollinsheds Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland. Shakespeare had already taken some ideas from there for his plays like Henry IV and Henry V. William decided to combine the reign of Macbeth and the murder of King Duff by Donwald and his wife, altering both to suit his needs. Macbeth is by far the shortest play that William Shakespeare wrote. The main reason why this is so is not because Shakespeare did not have much to say, but because King James was so impatient. Macbeth was written basically for the king. In fact, the emphasis on witchery was because King James so heavily believed in sorcery. Shakespeare worried very much about the evil powers insulting the king. After all was said and done, Macbeth was another barrier to be broken in the great scheme of performances. It was an instant success. King James and the court loved it along with England. No offenses were made from Malcolm needing help from England. Shakespeare feared that James would be offended by that. From that moment on Macbeth would be known by all. Yet the people begged for more and hoped Macbeth would be out done by another astounding play. Shakespeare wondered how such a task could be accomplished. What was it about Macbeth that made it loved by everyone? Shakespeares style has been analyzed by many and some still can not figure it out. His poetry has influenced his plays immensely. Apart from the fascinating characters of the two leading roles, the plays chief attraction is it wonderful poetry. Scarcely a word is wasted, and vivid images tumble after each other in a stream of color and ideas (Ross 43). Shakespeare put great thought into what he wanted to write and his feelings expressed themselves through the stylistic devices of tone, characterization, and symbolism. Shakespeares characterization of Macbeth exonerates the impact he had on the play. The tone in Macbeth remains sinister and depressing throughout the play. Symbolism, on the other hand, kept the tragedy in tact, and if understood, revealed the whole play in the very beginning of her pages. The character of Macbeth profoundly effects the play, by means of transpiring his actions to hurt others. If looking at the characteristics of good and evil, it makes the reader wonder what makes a person good or evil. Evil is not born into people, but it is the only option they have left. Three features we have seen stand out clear in the general conception of Macbeth. There is his eminently practical nature, which is the key to the whole. And the absence in him of the inner life adds two special features: one is his helplessness under suspense, the other is the activity of his imagination with its susceptibility to supernatural terrors...His practical power develops as capacity for crime...his mind is as scorpions; it is tortured in restless ecstasy. Suspense has undermined his judgment and brought on him the gamblers fever...The third feature in Macbeth is the quickening of his sensitiveness to the supernatural side by side with the deadening of his conscience...In the reaction from the murder of Banquo the supernatural appearance-which no eye sees but his own-appears more real to him than the real life around him. And from this point he seeks the supernatural, forces it to disclose its terrors, and thrusts himself into an agonized vision of generations that are to witness the triumph of his foes. (Moulton 335-337) Moulton knows what he is talking about. Macbeth was heavily influenced by supernatural forces. In fact, were it not for them he might be living a happy and content life. The witches had a profound affect on him. He soon found himself in a world where he wanted to know more and more and the weird women were the only ones who could satisfy his hunger. Macbeth went from a man who served everyone but himself to a man who served only himself.

The History, Climate, Biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands

The History, Climate, Biodiversity of the Galapagos Islands The Galapagos Islands are an archipelago located about 621 miles (1,000 km) from the continent of South America in the Pacific Ocean. The archipelago is composed of 19 volcanic islands that are claimed by Ecuador. The Galapagos Islands are famous for their variety of endemic (native only to the islands) wildlife that was studied by Charles Darwin during his voyage on the HMS Beagle. His visit to the islands inspired his theory of natural selection and drove his writing of On the Origin of Species which was published in 1859. Because of the variety of endemic species, the Galapagos Islands are protected by national parks and a biological marine reserve. Also, they are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. History The Galapagos Islands were first discovered by Europeans when the Spanish arrived there in 1535. Throughout the rest of the 1500s and into the early 19th century, many different European groups landed on the islands, but there were no permanent settlements until 1807. In 1832, the islands were annexed by Ecuador and named the Archipelago of Ecuador. Shortly after that in September 1835 Robert FitzRoy and his ship the HMS Beagle arrived on the islands, and naturalist Charles Darwin began to study the areas biology and geology. During his time on the Galapagos, Darwin learned that the islands were home to new species that only seemed to live on the islands. For example, he studied mockingbirds, now known as Darwins finches, which appeared to be different from each other on different islands. He noticed the same pattern with the tortoises of the Galapagos and these findings later led to his theory of natural selection. In 1904 an expedition from the Academy of Sciences of California began on the islands and Rollo Beck, the expeditions leader, started collecting various materials on things like geology and zoology. In 1932 another expedition was conducted by the Academy of Sciences to collect different species. In 1959, the Galapagos Islands became a national park, and tourism grew throughout the 1960s. Throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s, there was a period of conflict between the islands native population and the park service. However, today the islands are still protected, and tourism still occurs. Geography and Climate The Galapagos Islands are located in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, and the closest landmass to them is Ecuador. They are also on the equator with a latitude of about 1Ëš40N to 1Ëš36S. There is a total distance of 137 miles (220 km) between the northernmost and southernmost islands, and the total land area of the archipelago is 3,040 square miles (7,880 sq km). In total, the archipelago is made up of 19 main islands and 120 small islands according to UNESCO. The largest islands include Isabela, Santa Cruz, Fernandina, Santiago, and San Cristobal. The archipelago is volcanic, and as such, the islands were formed millions of years ago as a hot spot in the Earths crust. Because of this type of formation, the larger islands are the summit of ancient, underwater volcanoes and the tallest of them are over 3,000 m from the seafloor. According to UNESCO, the western part of the Galapagos Islands is the most seismically active, while the rest of the region has eroded volcanoes. The older islands also have collapsed craters that were once the summit of these volcanoes. Also, much the Galapagos Islands are dotted with crater lakes and lava tubes, and the overall topography of the islands varies. The climate of the Galapagos Islands also varies based on the island and although it is located in a tropical region on the equator, a cold ocean current, the Humboldt Current, brings cold water near the islands which causes a cooler, wetter climate. In general, from June to November is the coldest and windiest time of the year and it is not uncommon for the islands to be covered in fog. By contrast from December to May, the islands experience little wind and sunny skies, but there are also strong rain storms during this time. Biodiversity and Conservation The most famous aspect of the Galapagos Islands is its unique biodiversity. There are many different endemic birds, reptiles and invertebrate species and the majority of these species are endangered. Some of these species include the Galapagos giant tortoise which has 11 different subspecies throughout the islands, a variety of iguanas (both land-based and marine), 57 types of bird, 26 of which are endemic to the islands. Also, some of these endemic birds are flightless such as the Galapagos flightless cormorant.There are only six native species of mammal on the Galapagos Islands, and these include the Galapagos fur seal, the Galapagos sea lion as well as rats and bats. The waters surrounding the islands are also highly biodiverse with different species of shark and rays. Also, the endangered green sea turtle, hawksbill sea turtle commonly nest on the beaches of the islands.Because of the endangered and endemic species on the Galapagos Islands, the islands themselves and the waters s urrounding them are the subjects of many different conservation efforts. The islands are home to many national parks, and in 1978 they became a World Heritage Site. Sources: UNESCO. (n.d.). Galapagos Islands - UNESCO World Heritage Center. Retrieved from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1Wikipedia.org. (24 January 2011). Galapagos Islands - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands

Group Level Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group Level - Assignment Example In the course of its operations, it came up with a tactical group comprising of top level managers to form a unit that solved critical problems that affected the organization. The specific problem solving task force comprised of the respective plant manager and the other five respective departmental or unit heads (Cummings, Thomas, and Worley 110). All these unit heads were answerable to the plant manager since they spearheaded the operations in the Quality Control, administration, maintenance / engineering, production and human resource departments. The departmental heads were chosen through a rigorous process which comprised of the assessment of the leadership qualities of the individuals vise a vise their qualifications that suit to effectively manage the operations of the unit. There were various routines that were established by the Top level management since it was their first time working together. The team would schedule for meetings which were held twice a week for consultative discussions and assessment of challenging scenarios which the departments faced. The problem that was faced as a result of these meetings was decision making (Cummings, Thomas, and Worley 110). It was smooth for the other topics but it changed its tone when it was time to make various major decisions. It was difficult by the members to come up with one decision that was absolute. The emerging issues were not solved at the present moment and the meetings tended to make references to future dates when the issue would be finally solved. The relationships between the various top level managers remained strained although they tried to maintain a cordial composure while they interacted with each other. The plant manager always found it difficult to get the view of the coin from all sides when the suggestions were interrupted by different forms of disagreements. These was often

Early Roman politics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Early Roman politics - Assignment Example The era marked the creation of the Rome Republic ruled by magistracies including praetors, tribunes, censors, and aediles (Winterling 57). The Republic also had a voting assembly that would vote on crucial matters like war. Series of wars and attacks would weaken Romans political system, but the Republic was able to regain its dominance in the Mediterranean Sea region and become politically strong again. The Late Republic era marked the dominance of senators on the countrys political system though emergency of influential individuals like Julio Ceasar would shape early politics in Rome (Winterling 54). Julio Ceasar came at a time when politics situation in Rome was restless with clear political divisions. The republic governance also marked early Roman politics. The Senate had full legislative power. The era also marked autocratic rule by emperors whose presence meant that the Senate could only function as an advisory body to the Emperor. The early political situation in Rome depicts a republic with weak political institutions a factor that would lead to the fall of some

An Important Macro-Environmental Force in Vietnam Essay Example for Free

An Important Macro-Environmental Force in Vietnam Essay QUESTION 1: An important macro-environmental force on companies is the social/cultural environment, particularly in international markets. Imagine that you are to offer a seminar on the social/cultural environment of Vietnam to foreign businessmen and marketers. Discuss at least three elements of the cultural environment that foreign businessmen should be aware of when doing business in Vietnam. Use specific examples referring to real-life businesses, brands, marketing activities, etc. to support your discussion. Social/cultural forces are the most difficult uncontrollable variables to predict. It is important for marketers to understand and appreciate the cultural values of the environment in which they operate. The cultural environment is made up of forces that affect societys basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. The Vietnamese value system is based on four basic tenets: allegiance to the family, yearning for a good name, love of learning, and respect for other people. These tenets are closely interrelated and based on three main religions which are Buddhism, Confucianism and Christianity. Changes in social/cultural environment affect customer behavior, which affects sales of products. Trends in the cultural environment include individuals changing their views of themselves, others, and the world around them and movement toward self-fulfillment, immediate gratification, and secularism. Firstly, in term of role of people in business environment, the women are not expected to reach high position. This is due to influence of Confucianism, which teach people that a woman should devote all her life to take care of household more than going out to seek foods. The woman is rarely appointed to the first position in a company because man who is lower position usually tends to against the commands coming from a woman. In contrast, a man is expected to become boss who should show his knowledge, learning and power. Secondly, Sex is very sensitive issue so that you should avoid it as much as possible. From an advertisement to a uniform should not be more provocative and especially avoid using obscene words in public conversation. The more you are polite the more you have respect from the others. Furthermore,  rewards and slogans are a part of business. In Viet Nam one of the tenets is earning for good name, so people tend to work hard for reaching some rewards or reputation. It seems that Viet Nam is one of countries, which has the most slogans. People usually act upon â€Å"syndrome crowd† but not patient, so it is better to change your company’s slogan frequently in order to collect and motivate workers following that slogan or the company’s goals. Finally, there are some rules out of laws you should know before starting business in Viet Nam. In some case, you are clearly right, yet someone who holds right making decision say that it is wrong, you can do no things except use some tricks to pass. â€Å"Chá º ¡y† means â€Å"Run†, which uses negatively money covered in the names called gifts, is the most popular way to succeed in document procedures or get some competitive advantages. QUESTION 2: Consider the five stages in the adoption process of a new product, and refer to a major purchase you have made. Identify, describe and discuss each step of that process, using your own case to support your discussion. Be sure to be specific and provide as detailed a description of your adoption process, as possible. You should also discuss the different influences and forces that impacted your purchasing decision. This MBA course is the most major purchase that I have ever bought. In term of considering the adoption process of this course, there are five stages which made me lead to this decision. Firstly, at the beginning of the process, the stage of awareness, which means that the consumer becomes aware of the innovation but lacks information about it. In my situation, I made this plan for a year ago but did not know where I could apply and how its quality was. I started to search for essential information about this course before opened six months ago. After gathering much of raw information, there were four choices which I could make such as RMIT, Hawaii, Columbia and Troy. Secondly, in the Interest stage I began to analyze that information, which could classified into some categories or criterions. Basing on these terms, I matched them to my requirements and made a decision for the most suitable. Finance was the first my issue because all of these course had the  quite high fee. I removed any course that I could not afford. Quality was the second issue I considered very much because I did not want to invest the big money for getting nothing. Time was the last one, which could impact on my decision. It was not only how long this course took and what time a class began. Moreover, I called assistants for more detail information about this course and asked them to send me some materials related to it. Therefore, I had a quite clear view of those courses and easier to make the final decision. Next, after all things considered, I chose MBA program of Troy, which was the most suitable and met more requirements. Those were the fee that I could pay for, the time that I could arrange with work. This happened in the Evaluation stage of adoption process. In the next stage, Trial, in my opinion this might be the transfer course time because I could evaluate the quality and quantity of this program. How was about teachers? Should did I continue or not? And finally, I decided to take this course –Troy MBA 5th intake in March. QUESTION 3: Refer to the article: VN has lucrative retail market: Research and Markets, from Vietnam News (June 15, 2011), copied below. 1. In your opinion, what are the reasons why modern retail concepts may work in Vietnam. Vietnam is famous for a traditional retail, with much many of convenience stores and mini markets placing at anywhere as possible. Therefore, people are formed a habit to buy their needs there. However, I personally believe that a modern retail formats will develop in the short future. There are some reasons why this kind of retail is able to compete with the traditional retail stores embedded in society. Firstly, Vietnam is a developing country with economic growth of around 6.8 per cent in 2010 and will be kept steady for some next years. This means that average income will be increased and then demands more for variety products, quantity and quality of products as well. Consumers tend to buy products that may be different, style, fashion, or special with mass volume and expected price. All things create a strong force for traditional store or mini market, where only offers convenience goods with limited brands, how to meet those demands. Time by time, these stores are not able to satisfy customers’  increasing needs, so that is time the modern retails such as supermarket or hypermarket develops. The second reason is a change of lifestyle. The young generation is more active and dynamic and shopping is one of the most favorite outside activities. Shopping now is not just for buying something but also for enjoying and relaxing. Furthermore, modern people have less time for buying, so they usually go shopping for much more goods in once and then put all of them in refrigerator. The supermarket or hypermarket can meet these requirements easily. The third reason is a strong influence of western culture, which is appearing more clearly recently. The Internet is developing very quickly in Vietnam, so people are able to access to information about western countries easily. The young people tend to western-oriented life, they respect and pursue the modern world with arranged colorful big cities, luxurious cars, and entertainment industry. This changes the way they live and go shopping. Finally, in term of demography, according to the General Statistic Office (GSO) Vietnam population in 2011 in total was 90,549,390 (July 2011 est.) with median age about 27.8 years. This means majority of the population is young and working class with higher purchasing power. The low median age of population means a higher current consumption rate which augurs well for the retail sector. This youthful, exuberant generation, bred on success will not drive the productivity but also set a spiraling effect on consumption and generation of income. 2. In your opinion, are there any pitfalls? If so, explain. There are some pitfalls, in my opinion, in retail market in Vietnam. Shopping habit is the most important one of those. Going to convenience store or mini market to buy necessary things every day is the way the Vietnamese have been doing for a long time. â€Å"Chá » £Ã¢â‚¬  (small market or store) merges in everywhere that makes people more comfortable to buy. Just walk out of home several feet steps, you can encounter many of small stores in  which they sell almost the vital things for living. Moreover, 80% of population of Vietnam who are living in rural areas, where are lack of information about modern life. Thus, retailers should gradually penetrate to these markets to form a shopping habit instead of investing a big budget in style and strange supermarket there. 3. In your opinion, what would be the â€Å"factors critical to the success of the retail industry in Viet Nam†? It is difficult to fit a successful international format directly and expect a similar performance in Vietnam. The lessons from multinationals expanding to new geographies also point to this. For example, Wal-Mart is highly successful in USA but the story is different in Asian countries like China. Therefore, it is important for a retailer to look at local conditions and insights into the local buying behavior before shaping the format choice. Considering the diversity in terms of taste and preferences prevailing in Vietnam, the retailers may go for experimentation to identify the winning format suited to different geographies and segments. For example, the taste in south is different from that in north and this brings challenges to the retailers. Therefore, most of grocery retailers are region centric at this point in time. // may indirect There are some key ways to develop modern market formats. The first, Try and Error mean that a number of retailers are in a mode of experimentation and trying several formats which are essentially the representation of retailing concepts to fit into the consumer mind space. The second, Increasing Acceptance of Rural Markets to exploit mass and potential market // In my opinion, there are two factors critical to the success of the retail industry in Viet Nam. The first factor is that our country’s economy is developing day by day, this lead to change in lifestyle and increase income. Therefore, lever of expenditure is getting higher and the ways to sell and buy is forwarding to the international market formats. The second is that the government of Vietnam gradually reduces barriers of trade by  imposing some laws to favor more foreign investors and also removing some absolute laws. Moreover, Viet Nam has been a member of the WTO since 11 January 2007, this means that it has to play following the same rules and the same trade environment. This offers large and bright road for retailers to dominate in potential retail market in Viet Nam. QUESTION 4: Refer to the communication model described in class, and use two locally available brands of FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods), one Vietnamese and the other foreign. Describe, in details, how each brand goes through the elements of the model in their communication with their respective audiences. In your opinion, which one does a better job at communicating, and why? Coca-cola is the most famous brand in the world. It firstly introduced to Vietnamese in 1960 and then immediately received impression from people. After 34 years absenting, in 1994 Coca-cola turned back to Viet Nam as a symbol of America and the number one of producing carbonated beverage in the world. Basing on advantages of famous brand, Coca-cola made a great marketing plan to penetrate in Viet Nam. With this strategy is to create differences and diversities, Coca-cola now holds 65% market share and provides around 25000 jobs for Vietnamese. The question is that how can Coca-cola reach to these achievements when it came to Viet Nam later than Pepsi, the strongest competitor in Viet Nam; when the biggest competitor, Pepsi, has already set up factories and distribution channels completely throughout the country. It may find out some answers to this question in marketing strategies of those. Moreover, in cognitive stage, Coca-cola wants to transmit a messages â€Å"Serve all people†, so Coca-cola uses a great strategy marketing to inform, persuade and remind people. Advertising is the most powerful weapon that Coca-cola used to get potential customers’ attention. It is difficult to find corporations which really fund for advertisements a budget equaling to costs of production, but Coca-cola do this for polishing its brand. Its purpose is to put in consumers’ mind an image of drinking, which is number  one, which is healthy, which is friendly with environment and so on. With young people who are active, enthusiastic; who willing to try different things, Coca-cola used effervescent and provocative advertising clips included a short slogan, which may satisfy ego-centric trends of youth. Moreover, it is wise and creative to use images generating family atmosphere, the most important element in Viet Nam’ value system. Coca-cola has been doing it well by using the box of 24 bottles or cans, which is decorated swallows, happy family, peach tree, cake and something else related to Tet festival in Viet Nam. This creates in consumer’s mind loving, warm family atmosphere, which in turn put in mind images of relationship between Coca-cola and Tet deeply. Because Tet is very important day of Vietnamese, so Coca-cola usually launches large-scale advertising campaign throughout Viet Nam territory. Especially, a series of items, with new packing, style, and attractive colors, were introduced in â€Å"Happiness Factory† in 2009 Tet. In the affective and behavior stages, the customers really engage in activities to create their interest and desire of buying coke. Coca-cola uses very creatively diversity ways such as Money off coupon, Competitions, Free gifts, Point of sales materials and so on. It always chooses one or combined ones for specific or regular time to be launched. It seems that you have to be seen Coca-cola brand or related things every day. On the newspaper or television, on the billboards or posters, on the way you go to work or come back home, or even in the toilet you may see its logos. It is designed to draw in your perception without annoying you. For example, Coca-cola give you free of five style cups, which are printed its logo, in each box of 24 cans you buy. Sometimes you may be engaged in a game of collecting lids to win a car, television or valuable prizes. Understanding an extremely passion of Vietnamese about football, Coca-cola usually hold big programs in the important football events. From donating for the national football team to creating crazy fan club, from some games for prizes to some products for souvenir, all are launched professionally. Sometimes, Coca-cola becomes a major sponsor for a football contest. Coca-cola is usually willing to fund for community campaigns: supporting for  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cleaning international beach† program in Do Son, collaborating with UNDP to launch the program namely â€Å"Cleaning Water for community in Vietnam† and especially its â€Å"Everest Challenge† program in long-term strategy call Live Positively. By using friendly and profitable public programs, Coca-cola makes the relationships with public closer day by day. In the competitive strategy with Pepsi to penetrate in market, Coca-cola uses mobile means such as bicycle, small store to move everywhere for selling and introducing products. Likewise, Vinamilk is one of successful company in Viet Nam in communication with customers. In the cognitive stage, customers, who are almost children, be attracted by a funny, friendly image of milk cows. Vinamilk wants to transmit to customers a message that â€Å"this milk is made from pure milk of cows and sterilized†. By using a lot of images related to farmers, cows, fields, families, and children, Vinamilk contributes to perception of customers that the products are friendly with environment, vital for health, and suitable for every family. In the affective and behavior stages, Vinamilk holds some sport events, become a sponsor for charity programs, especially almost those programs concentrate on poor children, who do not afford for going to school, who are suffering malnutrition and the other adversity situations. This move impresses children and their families to interest more, desire more, and of course, make a decision to purchase more products of Vinamilk. All things considered, I personally believe that Vinamilk does a better job at communicating with customers than Coca-cola in Vietnam. This is due to the ways Vinamilk informing, persuading and reminding are very friendly, funny, and close to its customers. It chooses the right image for right potential customers at the right time. The funny and lovely cow for the children is showed at school, children television programs, children sport events and so on. QUESTION 5: Consider Porter’s value chain and the holistic marketing orientation model. What implications do they have for marketing planning? How would you structure a marketing plan to incorporate some of their concepts? The marketing planning consists of analyzing market opportunities, selecting target markets, designing market strategies, developing marketing programs, and managing the marketing effort. In short, it outlines the specific actions you intend to carry out to interest potential customers and clients in your product or service and persuade them to buy the product or services you offer. On the other word, it shows how and what customer value is delivered. Therefore, Porter’s value chain and the holistic marketing orientation model help marketers to make a better marketing plan, which satisfies both customers and stakeholders. Firstly, Michael Porter of Harvard has proposed the value chain as a tool for indentifying ways to create more customer value. This model comprises a sequence of value-generated activities found to be common to a wide range of firms. A marketer can use this tool for determining what product features, prices and distributions are, how to utilize sales force, sales promotion, advertising, and other communication tools to announce and promote the product. For example, if the marketer wanted to make a new marketing plan, he or she would need to know core competencies of a company, which may be the current production process, distribution channels and sales approach. The value chain model supports the marketer for adjusting and identifying new product features in order to fit that capacities of production process (in Operations activity) and maximize a level of value that exceeds the cost of this activity, thereby resulting in a profit margin. Moreover, basing on current prices and distribution system (in Outbound Logistics activity), the marketer may determine whether to use current system or to launch new distribution channels. Finally, marketing and sales activities and service activities, which are described in value chain, help marketer find out solutions to promote and deliver product better. Whether a new advertising or sales promotion influence over the other activities in the organizational value chain? What is the most suitable support service to apply to this new product? What is about finance situation?. Looking from this picture, the marketer can make a marketing plan more efficiently and maximize the contributed value of each primary activities and support activities in value  chain model. Secondly, holistic marketing can help capture customer value and succeed by managing a superior value chain that delivers a high level of product quality, service and speed. Basing on value exploration activities, which show how can a company identify new value opportunities, so that marketers easily determine what the most profitable segments are. Next, value creation activities, which show how can a company efficiently create more promising new value offerings, help the marketer know who the customer admires, who they interact with and who influences them to craft new customer benefits. This generates a new idea for adding new features, which in turn increase competitive advantages†¦. QUESTION 6 : What brands and products do you feel successfully â€Å"speak to you† and effectively target your age group? Why? Which ones do not? What could they do better? There is a brand and product that made me impressively at the first sight, Heineken it is. I remembered that I saw a first short advertising clip of it on television several years ago. That was about 32 seconds of moment clip led audiences to experience different level of feelings. At the very beginning, it immediately captured your notice by a gentleman fishing for something in a massive freezing ice bucket with huge efforts and patient. It was very curious to want to know what he was looking for, so your eyes being attached on screen as the way advertiser’s want. Moreover, the melodious music of â€Å"Quando Quando Quando† song really conquered my ears and attention. â€Å"Tell me when will you be mine Tell me quando, quando, quando We can share a love divine Please don ´t make me wait again† After some seconds he picked up a bottle of beer with his blushing and trembling hand and then came to his group of two men, who had the same situation. In the last scenario of the clip, three men were looked very cold  with the bottle of Heineken beer in their hand. All things happened to me was no meaning except the curious, funny, and surprising feelings even though closing scene was showed with slogan: â€Å"Never settle for less†. It took me several minutes after to understand what had been happening, and I am sure that you have the same feelings too. You was put an image of Heineken in mind in the intelligent and interesting way. Thereafter, I began to be interested in searching for information about that beer, which owns and manages one of the world’s leading portfolios of beer brands and is one of the world’s leading brewers in terms of sales volume and profitability. Now, I am completely conquered, so whenever having a chance to drink beers I choose Heineken, which is really delicious beer. This clip also influences on the male, who are mature, by using three gentlemen to create good and respect brand of someone else when drinking this kind of beer. It is successful to position and segment target customers. All things considered, there is no need to launch a large-scale and professional marketing campaign order to inform, persuade and remind me, just needs one 32 seconds of advertising clip is enough. On the other hand, there are some brands and products which do not impress me. ThongNhat bicycle is one of them. In the past, possessing a ThongNhat bicycle was an honor of many people, but now it was defeated in its home. Why? There are many main reasons for this consequence. Firstly, its styles are poor and tradition which do not attract the major customers, who are students tending to fashionable trends. Secondly, its price is quite high compared to same kinds of bicycles and a level of living of almost Vietnamese. Finally, its advertising and sales promotion are not good, it seems that you rarely see it on television except through a word of mouth. In contrast, there are many kinds of China bicycle importing in Viet Nam. These ones meet almost requirements of students in particular and Vietnamese in general. China bicycles are very stylish, fashion and the prices are quite cheap, which are all things ThongNhat needed to consider if it would want to develop and get back its golden age. QUESTION 7 : Consider the lifetime value of customers (CLV). What does the concept refer to? Design an example to support your understanding of the concept. The lifetime value of a customer is a measure of the value of the customer to your business. It is the potential contribution of the customer to your business over a period of time. When you know the lifetime value of a customer, you have a benchmark for how much you would or should be willing to invest to acquire a customer. This means that you should see in the long-term to get potential customers instead of looking in the short-term with a high profit in advance. Therefore, concentrating on creating and maintaining relationships with customers, who will contribute to business’ profit by their loyalty, is very important for a business’ success. Toyota is one of the perfect examples for maintaining customer relationships and brands. It recently has announced to receive up to 2.17 million cars because of a brake fault. This move of Toyota shows not only its responsibility for safety of customers, but also its message that it wants to bring high-valued products and services and the most satisfying ownership experience. This is not the first time Toyota make a recall for some errors, so this can prove how powerful to know and correct fault honestly. Behind this action, Toyota firmly understands about what will happen if one of its clients gets an accident because of that fault. What is more, 2.17 clients and even more will be very satisfied and impressed by this honest and responsible service. It is the beginning point for creating lifetime value of customer when those clients say to their children or friends about this, which in turn to contribute more potential customers to businesses. From generation after generation, those who are willing to buy Toyota car for all their lives. This is the way Toyota generates profits when knowing clearly lifetime value of customer concept. QUESTION 8 : As you have learned, everything can be marketed. Think of yourself, and define and discuss yourself in terms of the 4Ps. It is a reality that everything can be marketed and people in general and myself in particular are not exception. In term of the 4Ps, I myself was considered to be a product for sale. Firstly, regarding to Product concept, with a certificate of information technology engineer and several experiment years, I can offer a labor market capacities of researching, analyzing, and designing information systems, especially the management systems in the financial and accounting fields. Moreover, my English skills are quite good enough for working at international environment. I also can work in high pressure, challenge and creative tasks. In term of service concept, I am patient enough to keep up with a long time project, humor enough to break a tension of someone, humble enough to learn from anyone, compassionate enough to help the others as much as possible, and positive enough to believe that the legend world is true. Secondly, Promotion means that customers have to be made aware of the product. On the other word, I have to do something to inform, persuade and remind the labor markets that who I am, what I can offer and how I can deliver my values. It may be a solution to advertize on some working websites, send curriculum vitae to my friends or go to a company order to introduce myself. Especially, I can involve in some scandals for purpose of noticing the others and media as the way some super stars have done. Thirdly, pricing me is quite difficult and sensitive. The price must be high enough to cover costs (tuition, cost of living, costs of job application) and make profits (salary, bonus) but low enough to attract employers. There are a number of possible pricing strategies. The most commonly used are: PENETRATION PRICING – charging a low price, possibly not quite covering costs, to gain a position in the market. By using this method you can have more chance to get a job, and such opportunity may lead you to success. CREAMING – the opposite to penetration pricing, this involves charging a deliberately high price to persuade employers that the product is of high quality. COST PLUS PRICING – this is the most common form of pricing. Costs are totaled and a margin is added on for profit to make the total price. Finally, in term of Place concept, I am living in Hanoi city where I also want to work. Thus, it is convenient and suitable for the companies, which are located in Hanoi too, which are willing to buy my offers. QUESTION 9 : Colleges, universities and other organizations can be classified as service organizations. How can you apply the marketing principles developed in chapter 13 to Troy MBA? Do you have any advice as to how it could become a better service marketer? QUESTION 10 : Think of some of your favorite brands. Do you know where they come from? Where and how they are made or provided? Do you think knowing these answers would affect your perceptions of quality or satisfaction? Coca-cola is the most famous brand in the world. It firstly introduced to Vietnamese in 1960 and then immediately received impression from people. After 34 years absenting, in 1994 Coca-cola turned back to Viet Nam as a symbol of America and the number one of producing carbonated beverage in the world. Basing on advantages of famous brand, Coca-cola made a great marketing plan to penetrate in Viet Nam. With this strategy is to create differences and diversities, Coca-cola now holds 65% market share and provides around 25000 jobs for Vietnamese. In term of ingredients in Coca-cola, published versions say it contains sugar or high fructose corn syrup, caramel color, caffeine, phosphoric acid, coca extract, kola nut extract, lime extract, vanilla and glycerin. Alleged syrup recipes vary greatly. The basic â€Å"cola† taste from Coca-Cola and competing cola drinks comes mainly from vanilla and cinnamon; distinctive tastes among various brands are the result of trace flavorings such as orange, lime and lemon and spices such as nutmeg. Some natural colas also include cola nut; Coca-Cola does not, and chemical testing reveals none. Because cocaine is naturally present in coca leaves, todays Coca-Cola uses spent, or treated, coca leaves, those that have been through a cocaine extraction process, to flavor the beverage. The coca leaves are imported from countries like Peru and Bolivia, and they are treated by chemical company Stepan, which then sells the de-cocainized residue to Coca-Cola. Some contend that this process cannot extract all of the cocaine alkaloids at a molecular level, and so the drink still contains trace amounts of the stimulant. The  Coca-Cola Company currently refuses to comment on the continued presence of coca leaf in Coca-Cola. To this day, Coca-Cola uses a United States license to purify the coca leaf for medicinal use. (sources: Wikipedia). Advertising is the most powerful weapon that Coca-cola used to get potential customers’ attention. It is difficult to find corporations which really fund for advertisements a budget equaling to costs of production, but Coca-cola do this for polishing its brand. Its purpose is to put in consumers’ mind an image of drinking, which is number one, which is healthy, which is friendly with environment and so on. With young people who are active, enthusiastic; who willing to try different things, Coca-cola used effervescent and provocative advertising clips included a short slogan, which may satisfy ego-centric trends of youth. Moreover, it is wise and creative to use images generating family atmosphere, the most important element in Viet Nam’ value system. Coca-cola has been doing it well by using the box of 24 bottles or cans, which is decorated swallows, happy family, peach tree, cake and something else related to Tet festival in Viet Nam. This creates in consumer’s mind loving, warm family atmosphere, which in turn put in mind images of relationship between Coca-cola and Tet deeply. Because Tet is very important day of Vietnamese, so Coca-cola usually launches large-scale advertising campaign throughout Viet Nam territory. Especially, a series of items, with new packing, style, and attractive colors, were introduced in â€Å"Happiness Factory† in 2009 Tet. Coca-cola uses very creatively diversity ways such as Money off coupon, Competitions, Free gifts, Point of sales materials and so on. It always chooses one or combined ones for specific or regular time to be launched. It seems that you have to be seen Coca-cola brand or related things every day. On the newspaper or television, on the billboards or posters, on the way you go to work or come back home, or even in the toilet you may see its logos. It is designed to draw in your perception without annoying you. For example, Coca-cola give you free of five style cups, which are printed its logo, in each box of 24 cans you buy. Sometimes you may be engaged in a game of collecting lids to win a car, television or valuable prizes. Understanding an extremely passion of Vietnamese about football, Coca-cola usually hold  big programs in the important football events. From donating for the national football team to creating crazy fan club, from some games for prizes to some products for souvenir, all are launched professionally. Sometimes, Coca-cola becomes a major sponsor for a football contest. Coca-cola is usually willing to fund for community campaigns: supporting for â€Å"Cleaning international beach† program in Do Son, collaborating with UNDP to launch the program namely â€Å"Cleaning Water for community in Vietnam† and especially its â€Å"Everest Challenge† program in long-term strategy call Live Positively. By using friendly and profitable public programs, Coca-cola makes the relationships with public closer day by day. In the competitive strategy with Pepsi to penetrate in market, Coca-cola uses mobile means such as bicycle, small store to move everywhere for selling and introducing products. This is in its mission â€Å"Server all people†. In conclude, I personally think that if customers knew about where products come from, how products are made, and how products are provided or delivered, they would understand more about products. This makes customers use those products more efficiently, which in turn contribute better image to customers’ perception and satisfy their requirements.

Indifference Breeds Evil Essay -- Philosophy, Truth

Indifference Breeds Evil Norman Cousins, an American journalist and professor, once said, â€Å"The individual is capable of both great compassion and great indifference. He has it within his means to nourish the former and outgrow the latter.† Choices comprise the essence of life. Many people assess the circumstances they encounter in their life and tend to react in their best interests. When a fellow man requires a helping hand most people pay no heed because it’s the easy way out. However, other people will go out of their way to lend a hand even if it takes exertion on their part and they will be triumphant, knowing they created a better world. In contrast, those who are indifferent to another’s plight will bring more evil into the world. In conclusion, a person sometimes needs to let go of his indifference to face the truth of what is right. In the following stories, we will show how the choices people make effect society for the good or the bad. We will explore the colonists first who were faced with a choice during the Revolutionary War. The colonists of America started to rebel against the mighty British Empire for a number of reasons. John Locke had written about the â€Å"social contract† which meant that the government can only be of authority if it has consent of the governed. Locke continues and says that if the government abuses the rights of the governed the people can rebel and overthrow the government. This idea began to germinate in the minds of the colonists as the British government began forcing unreasonable tariffs on them. The Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and the Townshend Acts were all different taxes that the British parliament placed on goods and commodities at a time when the economy was at a low. The colonists starte... ... grow out of a widespread pursuit of individual interests,† there’s a need for â€Å"†¦cooperative efforts†¦of many people† (Velasquez, Andre, Shanks, S.J. and Meyer 2). The â€Å"common good† is something with which everyone can partake and enjoy. For example, a clean unpolluted environment. The problem with the â€Å"common good† is that not everyone in society will be motivated towards one goal because people will support their own interests and not towards the goal of the â€Å"common good.† Even though the ideal society of everyone working toward the â€Å"common good† can never become reality it is a point to ponder. People should reflect if their actions are going to benefit society or cause distress or hardship on others. Our society stresses individualism, but we cannot remain indifferent to the shared goals we all have in common. (Velasquez, Andre, Shanks, S.J. and Meyer)

Pipeline Hydraulics Design Basis Engineering Essay

It includes the pipe and flow features of the transported fluid under specified operating conditions as established in the design footing.SpeedThe grapevine has to be laid for the distance of 770km between Portland and Montreal, the fluid in the pipe is Light Crude Oil. Speed of flow in a grapevine is the mean speed based on the pipe diameter and liquid flow rate. Its choice is first measure in the scheming process of our undertaking. The flow speed can hold both advantages and drawbacks. High speeds can do turbulency, and the contact of the fluid on the walls of the pipe which will do harm to the pipes and finally gnaw away the pipe, while low speed on the other manus can do the deposition of particulates in the line and cleanliness of the fluid will be compromised. Therefore, to avoid these problemsliquid lines are usually sized to keep a speed sufficient to maintain the solid atoms from lodging and besides to forestall the eroding of the pipe. Under these considerations the recommended speed is in the scope of 3ft/s to 8ft/s. From this selected scope of speed we have to choose a individual speed. The speed we have selected for our line is 5ft/s. This is the intermediate speed from the recommended scope and all the farther computations will be done on this speed.Velocity SelectionThe scope as mentioned above is taken every bit 3ft/s to 5ft/s. The following measure is to choose a individual speed from this scope. We have selected 5ft/s for our line. The ground for this speed choice is the tradeoff between pipe diameter and figure of pump Stationss. Harmonizing to continuity equation if we increase the speed, the corresponding diameter will cut down but the force per unit area loss will increase due to which a higher figure of pump Stationss are required. Similarly if we decrease the speed, the figure of pump Stationss will cut down but the diameter will increase for a given flow rate. Since the grapevine is laid over a long distance, the grapevine cost holds the major portion of the capital investing hence increasing the diameter will adversely impact the economic sciences of grapevine. This tradeoff is seeable in the computations shown in appendix A. The other ground for taking this speed is that if the flow rate fluctuates in the hereafter for any ground the diameter selected from this intermediate speed will be able to suit those fluctuations without impacting our system.Diameter CalculationCalculation of the diameter is the nucleus of the hydraulic designing.The diameter selected should be able to back up the emphasiss on the pipe, the capacity of the fluid and minimise the force per unit area losingss. Under given flow rate and false speeds, we can cipher the pipe diameter utilizing continuity equation:V=Q/AVolt: Flow speed Q: Volume flow rate A: Cross sectional country The flow rate is given as 109,000bbl/day or 7.1ft^3/s. The diameters are calculated at 3, 4, 5ft/s speeds and the several diameters are 20.83 † , 18.04 † and 16.14 † .Choice of DiameterAs mentioned above 5ft/s is selected as the recommended speed and the corresponding internal diameter ( ID ) is 16.14in.Nominal Pipe SizeFor the internal diameter later we have to cipher the nominal pipe size. To cipher the nominal diameter we refer to the â€Å" Pipe Data † provided for the Carbon Steel. From the tabular array shown in appendix B, it is found out that attendant nominal pipe size will be 18in.Features of FlowDifferent flow belongingss are calculated to find the government of flow, losingss in the pipes. The nature of the flow can be laminal or turbulent.There are two types of the losingss. Major losingss include the losingss due to clash in consecutive pipes and minor losingss due to decompression sicknesss, valves, tees. To cipher these we will be covering with Reynolds figure ( for nature of flow ) , Moody diagram ( for clash factor ) and head loss computations.LosingssAs the fluid flows through the pipe there is clash at the pipe wall and unstable interface in the consecutive parts of the pipe due to interference between the fluid and the walls of the pipe. This clash consequences in consequences in the loss of energy in the lineat the disbursal of liquid force per unit area and the losingss are known as the major losingss. Pipe systems consist of constituents in add-on to consecutive pipes. These include decompression sicknesss, valves, tees etc and add farther to the losingss in the line. These losingss are termed as minor losses.Experimental information is used to cipher these losingss as the theoretical anticipation is complex.Major LosingssThe force per unit area bead due to clash in a grapevine depends on the flow rate, pipe diameter, pipe raggedness, liquid specific gravitation, and viscousness. In add-on, the frictional force per unit area bead depends on the Reynolds figure ( and therefore the flow government ) . Therefore, the fluid in the grapevine will undergo force per unit area losingss as it runs in the line and cut down the operating force per unit area. This loss needs to be recovered and to keep the force per unit area pumps are installed at specific locations harmonizing to the demand ( pumps are discussed in Chapter in front ) . These force per unit area losingss are calculated by ut ilizing the Darcy-Weisbach expressiona?† P = degree Fahrenheit ( L/D ) ( V^2/2 ) I?Where, f=Darcy clash factor, dimensionless, normally a figure between 0.008 and 0.10 L=Pipe length, foot D=Pipe internal diameter, foot The force per unit area loss for speed of 5ft/s comes out to be 9625.15psi. All the relevant computations are shown in appendix A.Minor LosingssReal grapevine systems largely consist of more than consecutive pipes. The extra constituents ( valves, tees and decompression sicknesss ) add to the overall loss of the system. These are termed as minor losingss. In instance of really long pipes, these losingss are normally undistinguished incomparison to theA unstable clash in the length considered. But in caseA of short pipes, these minor losingss may really be major losingss such as inA suction pipe of a pumpwith strainer and pes valves.These losingss represent extra energy dissipation in the flow, normally caused by secondary flows induced by curvature or recirculation. Minor loss in diverging flow is much larger than thatA in meeting flow. Minor lossesgenerally increase with an addition in the geometric deformation of the flow. Thoughminor losingss are normally confined to a veryA short length of way, the effects mayA notdisappear for a considerable distance downstream. ItA is undistinguished in instance ofA laminar flow. The force per unit area bead through valves and adjustments is generallyexpressed in footings of the liquid kinetic energy V2/2g multiplied by a head loss coefficient K. Comparing this with the Darcy-Weisbach equation for caput loss in a pipe, we can see the undermentioned analogy. For a consecutive pipe, the caput loss H is V2/2g multiplied by the factor ( fL/D ) . Therefore, the caput loss coefficient for a consecutive pipe is fL/D. Therefore, the force per unit area bead in a valve or adjustment is calculated as follows:h=K ( V^2 ) /2gWhere, h=Head loss due to valve or suiting, foot K=Head loss coefficient for the valve or adjustment, dimensionless V=Velocity of liquid through valve or adjustment, ft/s g=Acceleration due to gravitation, 32.2 ft/s2 in English units The caput loss coefficient K is, for a given flow geometry, considered practically changeless at high Reynolds figure. K increases with pipe raggedness and with lower Reynolds Numberss. In general the value of K is determined chiefly by the flow geometry or by the form of the pressureloss device. Minor loss is by and large expressed in one ofA the two ways In footings of minor loss factor K. In footings length, tantamount to aA certain length of consecutive pipe, usuallyexpressed in footings of figure of pipe diameter. The minor losingss for our system are calculated and consequence in a really low value and can easy be neglected.Reynolds NumberFlow in a liquid grapevine may be smooth, laminar flow, besides known as syrupy or streamline flow. In this type of flow the liquid flows in beds or laminations without doing Eddies or turbulency. But as the speed increases the flow alterations from laminar to turbulent with Eddies and turbulencies. The of import parametric quantity used in sorting the type of flow in the pipe is called Reynolds Number. Reynolds figure gives us the ratio of inertial forces to syrupy forces and is used to find the nature of flow utilizing the recommended speed and the internal diameter. Reynolds figure is given byRe = I?VD/A µFlow through pipes is classified into three chief flow governments and depending upon the Reynolds figure, flow through pipes will fall in one of the undermentioned three flow governments. 1. Laminar flow: R & lt ; 2000 2. Critical flow: R & gt ; 2000 and R & lt ; 4000 3. Disruptive flow: R & gt ; 4000Friction FactorFriction Factor is a dimensionless figure required to cipher the force per unit area losingss in the pipe. Trials have shown that degree Fahrenheit is dependent upon Reynolds figure and comparative raggedness of the pipe. Relative raggedness is ratio of absolute pipe wall raggedness I µ to the pipe diameter D. For laminar flow, with Reynolds figure R & lt ; 2000, the Darcy clash factor degree Fahrenheit is calculated from the simple relationshipf=64/RFor laminar flow the clash factor depends merely on the Reynolds figure and is independent of the internal status of the pipe. Therefore, irrespective of whether the pipe is smooth or unsmooth, the clash factor for laminar flow is a figure that varies reciprocally with the Reynolds figure. For turbulent flow, when the Reynolds figure R & gt ; 4000, the clash factor degree Fahrenheit depends non merely on R but besides on the internal raggedness of the pipe. As the pipe raggedness additions, so does the clash factor. Therefore, smooth pipes have a smaller clash factor compared with unsmooth pipes. More significantly, clash factor depends on the comparative raggedness ( I µ/D ) instead than the absolute pipe raggedness I µ . In the disruptive part it can be calculated utilizing either the Colebrook-White equation or the Moody Diagram.Colebrook-White EquationThe Colebrook equation is an inexplicit equation that combines experimental consequences of surveies of turbulent flow in smooth and unsmooth pipe The Colebrook equation is given as:1/a?sf = -2log ( ( I µ/3.7D ) + ( 2.51/Rea?sf ) )But the turbulent flow part ( R & gt ; 4000 ) consists of three separate parts: Turbulent flow in smooth pipes Turbulent flow in to the full unsmooth pipes Passage flow between smooth and unsmooth pipes For disruptive flow in smooth pipes, pipe raggedness has a negligible consequence on the clash factor. Therefore, the clash factor in this part depends merely on the Reynolds figure as follows:1/a?sf = -2log ( 2.51/Rea?sf )For disruptive flow in to the full unsmooth pipes, the clash factor degree Fahrenheit appears to be less dependent on the Reynolds figure as the latter additions in magnitude. It depends merely on the pipe raggedness and diameter. It can be calculated from the undermentioned equation:1/a?sf = -2log ( ( I µ/3.7D )For the passage part between turbulent flow in smooth pipes and turbulent flow in to the full unsmooth pipes, the clash factor degree Fahrenheit is calculated utilizing the Colebrook-White equation given above:1/a?sf = -2log ( ( I µ/3.7D ) + ( 2.51/Rea?sf ) )Moody DiagramThe Colebrook equation is an inexplicit equation and requires test and mistake method to cipher f.To provide the easiness for ciphering f scientists and research workers developed a gra phical method known as Moody diagram.The Moody chart or Moody diagramis a graph that relates the clash factor, Reynolds figure and comparative raggedness for to the full developed flow in a round pipe.In the diagram clash factor is plotted poetries Reynolds figure. The curves are plotted utilizing the experimental information. The Moody diagram represents the complete clash factor map for laminar and all disruptive parts of pipe flows. To utilize the Moody diagram for finding the clash factor degree Fahrenheit we foremost calculate the Reynolds figure R for the flow. Following, we find the location on the horizontal axis of Reynolds figure for the value of R and pull a perpendicular line that intersects with the appropriate comparative raggedness ( e/D ) curve. From this point of intersection on the ( e/D ) curve, we read the value of the clash factor degree Fahrenheit on the perpendicular axis on the left.Other Pressure Drop RelationsHazen-Williams EquationThe Hazen-Williams equation is normally used in the design of waterdistribution lines and in the computation of frictional force per unit area bead inrefined crude oil merchandises such as gasolene and Diesel. This methodinvolves the usage of the Hazen-Williams C-factor alternatively of pipe roughnessor liquid viscousness. The force per unit area bead computation utilizing the Hazen-Williams equation takes into history flow rate, pipe diameter, and specificgravi ty as follows:h=4.73L ( Q/C ) 1.852/D4.87Where, h=Head loss due to clash, foot L=Pipe length, foot D=Pipe internal diameter, foot Q=Flow rate, ft3/s C=Hazen-Williams coefficient or C-factor, dimensionless In customary grapevine units, the Hazen-Williams equation can berewritten as follows in English units:Q=0.1482 ( C ) ( D ) 2.63 ( Pm/Sg ) 0.54Where, Q=Flow rate, bbl/day D=Pipe internal diameter, in. Pm=Frictional force per unit area bead, psi/mile Sg=Liquid specific gravitation Another signifier of Hazen-Williams equation, when the flow rate is in gal/ min and caput loss is measured in pess of liquid per thousand pess of pipe is as follows:GPM=6.7547A-10-3 ( C ) ( D ) 2.63 ( HL ) 0.54Where, GPM=Flow rate, gal/min HL=Friction loss, foot of liquid per 1000 foot of pipe In SI units, the Hazen-Williams equation is as follows:Q=9.0379A-10-8 ( C ) ( D ) 2.63 ( Pkm/Sg ) 0.54Where, Q=Flow rate, m3/hr D=Pipe internal diameter, millimeter Pkm=Frictional force per unit area bead, kPa/km Sg=Liquid specific gravitationShell-MIT EquationThe Shell-MIT equation, sometimes called the MIT equation, is used in the computation of force per unit area bead in heavy petroleum oil and heated liquid grapevines. Using this method, a modified Reynolds figure Rm iscalculated foremost from the Reynolds figure as follows:R=92.24 ( Q ) / ( DI? )Rm=R/ ( 7742 )Where, R=Reynolds figure, dimensionless Rm=Modified Reynolds figure, dimensionless Q=Flow rate, bbl/day D=Pipe internal diameter, in. I?=Kinematic viscousness, Central Time Than depending on the flow ( laminal or turbulent ) , the clash factor is calculated from one of the undermentioned equations:f=0.00207/Rm ( laminal flow )f=0.0018+0.00662 ( 1/Rm ) 0.355 ( disruptive flow )Finally, the force per unit area bead due to clash is calculated utilizing theequationPm=0.241 ( f SgQ2 ) /D5Where, Pm=Frictional force per unit area bead, psi/mile f=Friction factor, dimensionless Sg=Liquid specific gravitation Q=Flow rate, bbl/day D=Pipe internal diameter, in. In SI units the MIT equation is expressed as follows:Pm=6.2191A-1010 ( f SgQ2 ) /D5Where, Pm=Frictional force per unit area bead, kPa/km f=Friction factor, dimensionless Sg=Liquid specific gravitation Q=Flow rate, m3/hr D=Pipe internal diameter, millimeter

Obesity Epidemic Among African American Women

Chapter II Review of Literature We know that the problem of obesity is a world-wide epidemic and is becoming an even greater threat to the United States. Currently the U. S is the world’s most obese country and with a large margin between second place (James, Leach,  Kalamara, Shayegh 2001). America is also the front runner in a new trend: morbid obesity. Not only does America have the highest population of obese individuals, America also has the largest population of morbidly obese individuals (World Health Organization 2009).Morbid obesity affects both males and females of all ages and ethnicities from different socioeconomic statuses, however, the Black female population that has been affected the most (Lorenzen, (2010). This trend of overweight Black American females has only recently become an epidemic (Davis, 2008). What if any factors played into this abrupt change in obesity levels of the Black-American woman? Obesity and BMI Obesity can be classified as a condition characterized by excessive body fat to the magnitude that is becomes detrimental to one’s health (Ho-Pham, et al. , 2010).There are different methods to measuring ones body mass index with the more common methods being height to weight ratio measurement, waist to hip ratio measurement, skin fold tests, and bioelectrical impedance measurement. For most of these references BMI’s were calculated between a mixture of bioelectrical impedance and skin fold measurement tests. A person should have a BMI of 18. 5 to 24. 99 be considered â€Å"normal† (World Health Organization, 2010). Once a BMI reaches 30 or greater the individual is classified as obese. The term obesity is broken down into 3 different Body Mass Index (BMI) classifications. Having a BMI greater than 30. is considered Class I Obesity. A BMI greater than 35. 0 is considered Class II Obesity and a BMI greater than 40. 0 is Class III Obesity or morbid obesity (World Health Organization, 2000). The Obesity E pidemic Obesity is a worldwide epidemic (Deitel, 2003). 1 out of every 10 adults suffering from obesity worldwide (WHO, 2009) and this number will be doubled by 2015 (Withrow, Alter, 2011). Stemming from this large occurrence there are over 2. 5 million obesity related deaths worldwide each year (CDC 2011). However in America the problem is even greater in that 35. 7 percent of the adult population is obese (CDC 2011).The most current figures available come from a 2005-2006 survey station that 6 percent of Americans suffer from morbid obesity (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2012). The obesity epidemic in the United States represents a critical public health crisis. The increase in obesity can be directly linked to the increase of other major health issues such as diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, asthma, arthritis, and poor health status ( Mokdad, et al. , 2001). Not only does it encompass life threatening consequences such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases but it also results in major healthcare costs (Brown, et al. 2009). The United States spends upwards of $147 billion annually in obesity related healthcare costs (The Washington Post). The rise in obesity is giving way to a new epidemic- morbid obesity. Morbid Obesity and Women Morbid obesity is classified as having a BMI greater than 50. 0 (Strum, 2007). Like in obese people, morbid obese people see the same list of health complications such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, infertility and breathing problems such as asthma and sleep apnea to more severe problems such as diabetes and high premature mortality rates.Both obesity and morbid obesity are a major problem in the United States. It is apparent that morbid obesity is on the rise in the U. S however it is more prevalent in women than in men. Morbid obesity tends to affect women more than men. Currently morbid obesity cases affect females 24% more than males and it is estimated that by the year 2020, 40. 2% o f men will be obese with 3. 1% of that population being morbidly obese and 43. 3% of women will be obese with 5. 8% of that population being morbidly obese (C. J. Ruhm, 2007).Morbid Obesity in Black-American Women Morbid obesity continues to rise throughout America however the most significant increase is seen in Black women. Over 78% of Black-American women are overweight or obese (Davis, 2008), and it is predicted that by 2030, 96. 9% of Black women will be either overweight or obese (Wang, et al. , 2008). In 2002 morbid obesity among Black-American women was more than double that among White and Mexican-American women. 13. 5 % of Black-American women were morbidly obese as opposed to 5. 5% and 5. % in White and Mexican-American women (Wang, Beydoun, 2007). Why it is that Black women are most vulnerable to not only obesity, but to morbid obesity? Could socioeconomics place a factor in these figures? A study was done in 2007 that looked at race, socioeconomic status and food qualit y availability. It was found that in low income urban areas, there was significantly less access to not only major food chains but foods of quality such as fresh fruits and vegetables while having a significantly higher access to convenience store than the rest of the population. Powella, et al. , 2007). Since majority of low income urban areas are made up of black residents then why aren’t Black men’s morbid obesity rates just as high? Both Black men and Black women of the same socioeconomic status have the same access to the same food distribution centers. Both also share the same body compositions as naturally having a greater lean mass to fat mass ratio (Flegal, Carroll, C. L. Ogden, Curtin, 2010). Could there be another factor playing a role in Black women’s prevalence to morbid obesity? Body ImageA study was conducted at Tennessee State University where 218 Black- American females were asked to rate their body image confidence. The findings of this study s uggested that the obese and morbidly obese women rated themselves as having a high level of body image confidence and life satisfaction as opposed to that of the women who were normal or overweight (Lorenzen, L. , 2010). Another study was conducted in 2007 looking at the preferred body images between 80 White- American and 80 Black-American participants. All participants were asked to look at female models and silhouettes of women.The models BMI’s ranged from low to obese. From there the participants were asked to rate each model and silhouette. The study found that there was a significant difference in ratings between Black- American and White-American participants in that model silhouettes with a higher BMI received higher attractiveness ratings amongst the Black-American participants than compared to White-American participants (Davis 2008). Although these studies yielded relatively small samples the results are conclusive in that Black-Americans view a female with a large r BMI as having a more attractive body image.This obesity epidemic in Black-American women is fairly new. If we go back only a few decades ago, the obesity rates of Black- American women has doubled between 1988 and 2004. In addition, various longitudinal studies have shown that there are higher rates of weight gain in black women than in white women. Also during the first BMI examinations in the 1970s, white and black girls had similar levels of BMI but the annual increase in BMI were 30-40% larger among the black girls throughout both childhood and adulthood (Freedman et al, 2005).